声明
Abstract
摘要
Tables of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Chapter One Introduction
1．1 Motivation of the study
1．1．1 The importance of relative clauses
1．1．2 Universal processing preference and Current gaps
1．2 Aims and research questions of the study
1．3 Structure of the dissertation
Chapter Two Typology of relative clauses
2．1．Types of relative clauses
2．1．1 External-headed RCs vs Internal-headed RCs vs Correlative RCs
2．1．2 Postnominal/head-initial RCs vs Prenominal/head-final RCs
2．1．3 Subject-extracted RCs vs Object-extracted RCs
2．1．4 Subject-modifying vs Object-modifying RCs
2．2 Word order type and RC type
2．3 Typological characteristics of English relative clauses
2．3．1 Restrictive vs non-restrictive clauses in English
2．3．2 Derivation of English RCs
2．4 Typological characteristics of Chinese relative clauses
2．4．1 Typological characteristics of Chinese
2．4．2 The Uniqueness of Chinese RC
Chapter Three Sentence Processing Models
3．1 Universal subject preference
3．1．1 Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy
3．1．2 Experience/Frequency-based accounts
3．2 Working memory accounts(Gibson 1998,2000)．
3．2．1 Storage Resources
3．2．2 Integration Cost
3．2．3 A brief comment：a bridge from structural theories to processing theories
3．3 Structure-based theories
3．3．1 Filler-Gap Domain(FGD)(Hawkins 1999,2004)
3．3．2 Phrase-Structural Distance Hypothesis(O’ Grady 1997)
3．4 Word order theory
3．4．1 Canonical word order vs non-canonical word order
3．4．2 Prediction about the English RC processing
3．4．3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
3．5 Pragmatic functional perspective shift
3．5．1 Subject as a default perspective of readers
3．5．2 Prediction about English RC processing
3．5．3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
3．6 An evaluation of predictions about English and Chinese RC processing
Chapter Four Previous studies and findings
4．1 Processing relative clauses
4．1．1 Basic observations
4．1．2 Neurophysiological evidence
4．1．3 Neuroanatomical evidence
4．2 Consistent results with universality from English RC processing
4．2．1 General remarks
4．2．2 Eye-movement monitor
4．2．3 Self-paced reading
4．2．4 Event-related potential studies
4．2．5 Brain imaging studies using fMRI and PET
4．2．6 Lesion studies：Aphasia
4．3 Mixed results on Chinese RC processing
4．3．1 Self-paced reading
4．3．2 A maze task-mixed results
4．3．3 Corpora studies-supporting universal processing preference
4．3．4 Event-related potential studies
Chapter Five An ERP experiment on Chinese RC Processing
5．1 ERP methodology
5．1．1 An overview of ERP
5．1．2 Geodesie EEG System(GES)
5．1．3 Software-relating ERP experiments
5．1．4 ERP language-related components
5．2 The ERP experiment design on Chinese relative clause processing
5．2．1 Aims
5．2．2 Participants
5．2．3 Materials and task
5．2．4 Design
5．2．5 Procedure
5．2．6 Electrophysiological recordings and preprocessing
5．2．7 Data analysis
5．3 Results
5．3．1 Behavioral results
5．3．2 Spatial Aspects of the ERP data
5．3．3 Statistical results
5．4 Discussions
5．4．1 Testing prior results of processing asymmetry
5．4．2 Involvement of topicalized sentences
5．4．3 Minimal pair analysis
5．4．4 Evaluation of sentence processing models
5．5 Conclusions
5．5．1 Non-applicability of universal subject preference to Chinese
5．5．2 General phenomenon of object relatives preference in Chinese
5．5．3 Non-existence of a universal processing model
5．5．4 Other findings contributing to a comprehensive model
Chapter Six Concluding remarks
6．1 General findings
6．2 Significance of the study
6．3 Limitations of the study
6．4 Suggestions for future research
References
Appendix：Experimental Materials
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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