声明
摘要
ABSTRACT
CONTENT
1 PREFACE
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Iron Ore
2.1.1 History
2.1.2 General Aspects
2.1.3 Geological Aspects
2.1.4 Granulometry
2.1.5 Analysis of the Iron Ore Market
2.2 VALE in Brazil
2.3 Steel
2.3.1 History
2.3.2 General Aspects
2.3.3 Progress
2.3.4 Analysis of the Brazilian Steel Industry
2.3.5 Analysis of the Growth in the Chinese Steel Industry
2.4 Pelletizing
2.4.1 History and General Aspects
2.4.2 The Brazilian Pelletizing Process
2.4.3 The Chinese Pelletizing Process
2.4.4 Pellet Quality
2.4.5 Physical,Chemical and Metallurgical Properties of Pellets
2.4.6 Trends in the Pelletizing Process
2.4.7 Pellet Market
3 RAW MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL
3.1 Raw Materials
3.1.1 Raw Materials used in TEST 1
3.1.2 Raw Materials used in TEST 2
3.2 Experimental
3.2.1 Test Flow Sheet
3.2.2 Iron Ore Characterization
3.2.3 Determination of Grindability of Iron Ores in TEST1
3.2.4 Determination of Grindability of Iron Ores in TEST2
3.2.5 Bentonite Characterization
3.2.6 Montmorillonite Content
3.2.6 Pelletizing
3.2.7 Thermal Spall Temperature
3.2.8 Small-Scale Fire Test
3.2.9 Pilot-Scale Fire Test
3.2.10 Measurement of Fired Pellets Compression Strength
3.3 Pellet Mineralogy
3.4 Pellet Metallurgical Performance
3.4.1 Reducibility
3.4.2 Reduction Swelling
3.4.3 Softening and Melting Temperature
4 SMALL SCALE PELLETISING
4.1 Test 1 Grinding of VALE Hematite
4.1.1 Particle Morphology by Ball Milling
4.1.2 VALE Hematite Ore Grindability
4.2 TEST 1 Balling of 100% hematite
4.2.1 Bentonite dosage
4.2.2 Moisture
4.2.3 Balling Time
4.2.4 Hematite Fineness
4.2.5 Balling Capacity Comparing VALE 1 and VALE 2
4.2.6 Blending hematite with magnetite
4.2.7 Brief Summary
4.3 TEST 2 Balling of blends through HPRG
4.3.1 Bentonite Dosages
4.3.2 Moisture
4.3.3 Balling Time
4.3.4 Brief Summary
4.4 Firing of Pellets on Small-Scale
4.4.1 TEST 1 Preheating of pellets
4.4.2 Blending magnetite with hematite
4.4.3 TEST 1 elevating basicity of pellets
4.4.4 TEST 2 Firing Tests
4.4.5 Brief Summary
5 PILOT SCALE PELLETISING
5.1 TEST 1 Firing Tests
5.1.1 Drying and Preheating
5.1.2 Rotary Kiln Roasting Process System
5.1.3 Full Flowsheet Tests
5.1.4 Brief Summary
5.2 Enhancing the Firing of Hematite Pellets
5.2.1 Elevating Basicity
5.2.2 Optimizing the firing temperature
5.2.3 Pretreating pellet feed by damp milling
5.2.4 Brief Summary
5.3 Pretreating Hematite by HPRG
5.3.1 Pretreating by HPRG in closed circuit
5.3.2 Pretreating by HPRG in open circuit
5.3.3 Brief Summary
6 METALLURGICAL PERFORMANCE
6.1 Size Distributions of Fired Pellets
6.2 Metallurgical Properties
6.3 Fired Pellet Chemistry
6.4 Brief Summary
7 PRODUCT PELLET MINERALOGY
7.1 Mineral Compositions
7.2 Fired Pellet Microstrueture
7.2.1 TEST 1
7.2.2 Basicity elevating Test
7.3 Brief Summary
8 INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE
8.1 The Feasibility Study of Zhuhai Pellet Plant(YPM)
8.2 Zhuhai YPM Pellet Plant Operational Results
8.2.1 Effect of the Roller Press on the Production Process
8.2.2 Elevating basicity to 0.2 by adding limestone
8.2.3 Current Results
8.3 Brief Summary
9 CONCLUSIONS
10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
11 REFERENCES
12 APPENDLX