言语幽默的双步解读机制研究——以春晚小品为例

摘要

言语幽默是语言交际中一种极富特色的现象，在哲学、修辞学、心理学、人类学、社会学和语言学等领域都有不少研究，且都取得了很好的成果。然而，这些研究没有对言语幽默的内涵和特点做具体探讨，也没有根据言语幽默的内涵和特点系统分析言语幽默的具体解读过程。本文从探讨言语幽默的内涵和特点入手，在概念合成和关联理论的指导下对言语幽默的解读机制进行了系统分析。
　　文章基于对幽默的理解将言语幽默定义为言语所具有的让言语接受者感到荒诞、滑稽和有趣并因此而发笑的特质。根据这一定义，言语幽默的内涵包括两个部分，一是言语的特质，二是言语接受者的反应。如果将发笑作为言语幽默的标志，言语幽默的言语特质就是引入发笑的原因，简称笑因;言语幽默的言语接受者的反应就是言语接受者产生发笑的结果，简称笑果。接着，文章对言语幽默的特点进行了探讨，结果显示言语幽默具有自身的内外在特点，内在特点是笑因的特点，它与言语者有关，反映言语者的话语意图，具体体现为言语者调动各种手段创造言语幽默反常的话语意义;外在特点是笑果的特点，它与言语接受者有关，反映言语者话语意图的效果，具体体现为言语接受者通过认知努力达至对言语幽默反常的话语意义及其与认知语境中的共享常规的明显冲突的如期理解和顿悟。基于言语幽默的内涵和特点，文章提出了言语幽默的双步解读机制。双步解读机制即是分两步解读言语幽默的机制，其中第一步是解读言语幽默的笑因，其解读机制是概念合成，即通过概念合成网络对言语者的话语进行概念合成，得出言语幽默反常的话语意义，亦即得出笑因。第二步是解读言语幽默的笑果，其解读机制是认知推理，即通过认知推理推导出言语幽默反常的话语意义与认知语境中的共享常规之间的明显冲突。与常规明显冲突即是荒诞、滑稽和可笑，对明显冲突顿悟的结果即是开心一笑。
　　根据本文提出的双步解读机制，文章对部分春晚小品中的言语幽默进行了解读分析，结果显示该机制对言语幽默的解读既可行又合理。

目录

Abstract

摘要

Contents

Introduction

0．1 Research Background

0．2 Research Questions

0．3 Research Methodology

0．4 Organization of the Thesis

Chapter One Literature Review

1．1 Previous Studies on the Definition of Verbal Humor

1．1．1 Definition in the Superiority Theory

1．1．2 Definition in the Relief Theory

1．1．3 Definition in the Incongruity theory

1．1．4 Definition in the Communication Theory

1．2 Previous Studies on the Interpretation Mechanism of Verbal Humor

1．2．1 Mechanism Based on the Incongruity-Resolution Theory

1．2．2 Mechanism Based on the Semantic Script Theory of Humor

1．2．3 Mechanism Based on the General Theory of Verbal Humor

1．2．4 Mechanism Based on the Relevance Theory

1．2．5 Mechanism Based on the Conceptual Blending Theory

1．3 Comments on Previous Studies

1．3．1 Merits of Previous Studies

1．3．2 Demerits of Previous Studies

Chapter Two Theoretical Foundation

2．1 Conceptual Blending Theory

2．2．1 Background Information of Conceptual Blending Theory

2．2．2 Main Contents of Conceptual Blending Theory

2．2 Relevance Theory

2．2．1 Background Information of Relevance Theory

2．2．2 Main Contents of Relevance Theory

2．3 Summary

Chapter Three Verbal Humor and Its Characteristics

3．1 Redefinition of Verbal Humor

3．1．1 The Genus of Verbal Humor

3．1．2 The Differentia of Verbal Humor

3．2 Characteristics of Verbal humor

3．2．1 Interior Characteristics of Verbal Humor

3．2．2 Exterior Characteristics of Verbal Humor

3．3 Summary

Chapter Four The Two-Step Interpretation Mechanism of Verbal Humor

4．1 Connotation of the Two-Step Interpretation Mechanism of Verbal Humor

4．1．1 The Two Steps Involved in the Interpretation

4．1．2 The Mechanisms Involved in the Two Steps

4．2 Motivations for the Two-Step Mechanism of Verbal Humor

4．2．1 Cognitive Motivation for the Two-step Interpretation Mechanism

4．2．2 Pragmatic Motivation for the Two-step Interpretation Mechanism

4．3 Summary

Chapter Five The Two-Step Interpretation Mechanism of Verbal Humor in the Spring Festival Gala’s Sketches

5．1 Step One：Conceptual-blending Interpretation of Stimulus of Laughter in Verbal Humor

5．1．1 Interpretation with Simplex Network

5．1．2 Interpretation with Mirror Network

5．1．3 Interpretation with Single-scope Network

5．1．4 Interpretation with Double-scope Network

5．2 Step Two：Cognitive-Inference Interpretation of Outburst of laughter in Verbal Humor

5．2．1 Set-up Promises under Cognitive Context

5．2．2 Interpretation of Semantic Conflict

5．3 Summary

Conclusion

Bibliography

Acknowledgements

声明