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A Syntactic and Semantic Study on Aspect and the Modal hui in Mandarin Chinese

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文摘

英文文摘

Abbreviations

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Objective of the Thesis

1.2.Significance of the Present Study

1.3 Research Questions and Proposals

1.4 Organization of the Thesis

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Previous Analyses

2.2.1 Modality

2.2.2 Modality and Modal Logic

2.2.3 Aspect

2.2.4 Modality and Aspect

2.2.5 Modal Verbs hui

2.3 Summary

Chapter 3 Syntactic Position of Modals and Aspect Markers in Mandarin Chinese

3.1 Introduction

3.2 About Root Modality and Epistemic Modality

3.2.1 Root Modality

3.2.2 Epistemic Modality

3.2.3 The Difference between Deontic Modality and Epistemic Modality

3.3 Chinese Aspect System

3.3.1 Whether there is TP in Mandafin Chinese

3.3.2 Aspect System of Mandarin Chinese

3.4 Types of Modals in Mandarin Chinese

3.5 The Co-occurrence and Interaction of Modality and Realistie Aspect

3.5.1 Meanings and Manifestation of Actual Aspect

3.5.2 The Interaction of Epistemic Modality and Realistic Aspect

3.5.3 The Interaction of neng and Realistic Aspect le

3.6 Syntactic Structures of Modals and Aspect Markers

3.7 Summary

Chapter 4 Modals with Aspect in Semantics according to Modal Logic

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Possible World and Modal Logic

4.2.1 The Concept of Possible World

4.2.2 A Modal Logic Pattern

4.3 Time Points,Intervals of Time

4.4 Methods to Analyze Aspect

4.4.1 SER System

4.4.2 Aspect and its Situation Types

4.5 The Formal Semantic Description of Chinese Temporal Information

4.6 The Semantic Explanation of Modals and Aspect in Mandarin Chinese

4.7 Summary

Chapter 5 Aspect and Modality of hui

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The Typical Semantic Analyses of hui

5.3 Aspect and Modality of hui

5.3.1 Non-future Event of hui

5.3.2 Future Event of hui

5.3.3 Interaction of Experiential Aspect guo and hui

5.3.4 Interaction with the Durative Aspect zhe

5.3.5 Interaction of Root Modality hui and Inchoative qilai,Tentative Aspect Marker and Durative xiaqu

5.4 The New Semantic Definition of hui and Aspect Operators

5.4.1 The Manifestation in the Ternary System of Time

5.4.2 The Semantic Definition of hui and Aspect Operators

5.5 Summary

Conclusions

References

Appendix A 详细中文摘要

Acknowledgements

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摘要

本文研究了情态词“会”与体相结合相关的三个问题:(1)在现代汉语中情态词“会”与体相结合时,其句法位置是如何定义的?(2)基于可能世界与模态逻辑,现代汉语中情态词“会”与体相结合时,其语义解释是什么?(3)多义情态词“会”与体标记同现时,其表现是什么,以及“会”的将来时典型意义的语义解释是什么?
  首先必须了解到认识情态与根情态的区别,Coates(1983)认为根情态即为非认识情态,Sweetser(1990)也同样把情态二分为根情态和认识情态。Sweetser(1990)认为根情态指的是现实世界的义务、许可或能力,而认识情态表达的是说话人对一个情境的可能性的判断,即说话人对命题为真的可能性与必要性的看法或者态度。对于现代汉语的体系统,本文讨论了在现代汉语中是否存在TP。林若望(2006)采用了汉语无形态上的时态的观点,本文采取的亦是这种观点,认为汉语是体凸显语言,并且是有界性凸显语言。Hacquard(2009)给出了情态词与体的句法位置的定义,并通过分析大量文献得出认识情态在句法中的位置在时态与体之上,而根情态处于时态与体之下。依照此定义,本文解决了情态词与体标记同现时应处位置的问题,同样也解决了多义情态词“会”与体结合时所处的句法位置的问题。
  对于第二个问题,本文引入了可能世界的概念与模态逻辑的概念,从而认为句子的语义可以在它所处的语境中获得解释。由于时态逻辑与模态逻辑存在统一性,本文结合了时态算子与模态算子的模型、Hacquard(2009)确立的系统,以及泛函贴合运算规则,对体标记与不同种类的情态词作出了相应的语义解释,从而对多义情态词“会”与体结合的语义作出了解释。
  针对第三个问题,本文分析了多义情态词“会”的多种语义,讨论了“会”在三元时间结构中的不同的表现,从而认为“会”具有“非现实”的典型意义,并在最后对“会”的典型将来意义给出了详尽的语义解释。

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