声明
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DEDICATION
Acronyms
摘要
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Figures and Tables
Chapter One INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to the Study
1.1.1 Globalization and Education in Asia
1.2 Justification for Choosing PISA 2012 Database
1.3 Statement of the Problem
1.4 Purpose of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Rationale for Choosing the Selected Asia Countries and Area
CHAPTER TWO International Assessment Studies
2.1 Background to the International Assessment Studies
2.1.1 Key Features of PISA 2012
2.2 Programme for International Student Assessment(PISA)
2.3 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)
2.4 Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality(SACMEQ)
2.5 Progress in International Reading Literacy Study(PIRLS)
2.6 Importance of International Mathematics Achievement Assessments
2.7 Comparative Studies in Mathematics Education by International Organizations
2.7.1 Comparative Studies in Mathematics Education by Academics
Chapter Three Review of Related Literature
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Education Production Function
3.2.1 InternationaI Evidence on Education Production Functions
3.2.2 The Treatment of Endogenous and Exogenous Variables
3.3 Empirical Study on Student Academic Achievement
3.4 Conclusion
Chapter Four Research Methodology
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Purpose of the Study
4.3 Data Source
4.4 Study Population and Sample
4.5 Variables for the Study
4.5.1 Students’ Gender gap
4.5.2 Preschool Education Attendance
4.5.3 Students’ Family Socioeconomic Status(SES)
4.5.4 Math Teacher-Student Ratio
4.5.5 Quality of School Educational Resources
4.6 Statistical Models and Analysis
4.7 Multilevel Analysis Procedure
4.8 Models for the Study
4.8.1 The Level-1 Model
4.8.2 The Level-2 Model
4.9 Steps to be taken to Analyze the Data using HLM
4.10 Secondary Data Analysis
4.10.1 Advantages
4.10.2 Disadvantages
Chapter Five Empirical Results
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Results of Indonesia
5.2.1 Descriptive Statistics
5.2.2 Unconditional Model
5.2.3 Conditional Model
5.2.4 The Final Model
5.3 Results of Malaysia
5.3.1 Descriptive Statisties
5.3.2 Unconditioual Model
5.3.3 Conditional Model
5.3.4 The Final Model
5.4 Results for Shanghai
5.4.2 Unconditional Model
5.4.3 Conditional Model
5.4.4 The Final Model
5.5 Results of Singapore
5.5.1 Descriptive Statistics
5.5.2 Unconditioilal Model
5.5.3 Conditional Model
5.5.4 The Final Model
5.5.5 Conclusion
6.1 Review of Method
6.2.1 Unconditional Model
6.2.2 Student Background Model
6.2.3 School Background Model
6.2.4 Mathematics Achievement:Country-Specific Empirical Findings
6.2.5 Trends/Findings in the Selected Countries and Area
6.3 Limitations
6.5 Implications
6.6 Future Research
6.7 Recommendations
References
About the Author
Appendices