声明
Abstract
摘要
Abbreviations
Contents
Figure captions
Table captions
1 Introduction and literature review
1.1 Background
1.2 Sulfur in soil plant system
1.2.1 Sulfur in soil
1.2.2 Sulfur in plants
1.3 Theories on biochar as a tool amendment of a soil
1.3.1 Background
1.3.2 Production of biochar
1.4 Important points and inquiries
1.4.2 Are there any studies improved plant growth using biochar
1.4.3 How much of the biochar is assumed to be applied
1.4.4 What kind of bioehar is most privileged,how to obtained
1.4.5 Applications of biochar on soil and agricultural productivity
1.5 Justification of problem and research progress
1.5.1 Research background and significance
1.5.2 Research content and objectives
1.5.3 Research scheme
2 Characterization of biochar and Methodology
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Experimental
2.2.1 Raw materials and experimental design
2.2.2 Reagents and instruments
2.3 Measurement methods
2.3.1 Biochar yields(%)
2.3.2 The ash content
2.3.3 The pH value
2.3.4 Electrical conductivity(EC)
2.3.5 The elemental composition of biochar
2.3.6 Scanning electron microscope(SEM)
2.3.7 The specific surface area(SSA)
2.3.8 Analysis of FTIR
2.3.9 X-ray diffraction(XRD)
2.4 Sulfur form and content in biochar
2.4.1 Water soluble sulfur
2.4.2 Adsorption sulfur
2.4.3 Hydrochloric acid soluble sulfur
2.5 Data analysis
2.6.1 Chemical characterization of biochar
2.6.2 Physical characterization of biochar
2.6.3 Effects of pyrolysis temperature on biochar characterization
2.6.4 Sulfur content in biochar
2.7 Conclusion
3 Effects of biochar on maize physiological characteristics and loess soil
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Soil samples
3.2.2 Pot experiment
3.3 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results and discussion
3.4.1 Effects of biochar on physiological characteristics of maize
3.4.2 Effects of biochar application on soil properties
3.5 Conclusion
4 Effects of sulfur addition in the presence of biochar on maize physiology and loess soil
4.1 Background
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Experimental materials and equipment's
4.2.2 Pot experiment
4.2.3 Measurement and collecting data
4.2.4 Sulfur content
4.2.5 Extraction of sulfur
4.3 Data analysis
4.4 Results and Discussion
4.4.1 Effects of sulfur addition in the presence of biochar on maize physiology
4.4.2 Effects of sulfur addition in the presence of biochar on soil properties
4.5 Conclusion
5 Conclusions and Prospects
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Prospects
References
Research achievement during working for the degree
Acknowledgments