Occurrence and Risks Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in River Surface Water and Impacts of Fed Aquaculture Activities

摘要

The occurrence and risks of 12 pharmaceuticals were investigated in the surface water of old Brahmaputra river in Bangladesh. In addition, the potential impacts of fed aquaculture activities were evaluated. The target pharmaceuticals were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) with positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) mode. Among the target compounds, metronidazole (detection frequency: 100%), trimethoprim (95%), erythromycine-H20 (85%), and sulfamethoxazole (70%) were the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals, with the concentration ranges of 0.05-13.51, <0.13-17.20, 0.02-6.46 and <0.08-7.24 ng L~(-1), respectively. The concentration ranges and detection frequencies of other quantified pharmaceuticals were carbamazepine (<0.01-8.80 ng L~(-1) and 65%), tylosin (0.01-16.68 ng L~(-1) and 60%), sulfamethazine (0.06-4.19 ng L~(-1) and 55%), sulfadiazine (0.01-0.39 ng L~(-1) and 50%), sulfamethizole (<0.03-11.35 ng L ~(-1) and 35%). Sulfadimethoxine, roxithromycin and penicillin-G were not detected in any of the water samples. The concentrations of erythromycin-H_2O, tylosin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in aquaculture activities areas were higher, suggesting that fed aquaculture activities might be contributing to the increase of these antibiotics in the river environments. The preliminary ecological risks assessment showed that erythromycin-H20, tylosin, sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine may pose medium acute risks to algae in this aquatic environment particularly in aquaculture activities areas.