A REVIEW OF THE QUANTITIES AND MODELS USED IN INTERNAL DOSE CALCULATIONS

摘要

Activities in which unsealed radioactive materials are present or are handled may involve intakes into the body of these materials by workers or by members of the public.Intake routes may be by inhalation of contaminated air or ingestion of contaminated food or drink.Less common routes of intake are entry into the body through a wound or through intact skin.To assess the health impacts of such intakes,it is necessary to calculate the resultant doses to the various organs and tissues of the body.These calculations require the use of mathematical equations,called biokinetic models,that describe the behavior of the radioactive material from its entry into the body until its removal by decay or by excretion,or its long-term retention in the body. This paper describes some aspects of these models,their evolution over the past 30 years,the associated dosimetric quantities,and their application in regulating the use and disposal of radioactive materials.The impact of the revisions that the models and dosimetric quantities have undergone is also discussed.