Atmospheric Emissions from Sources of Air Pollution in Petroleum Industry-Emission Inventory

摘要

Three main categories of pollutant emissions into thernatmosphere from Croatian oil and natural gas activities are:rnfuel combustion, fugitive and carbon dioxide separated fromrnnatural gas.rnThe pollutants (or pollutant classes) emitted into the air are:rnmain greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4; indirect greenhouserngases such as NOx, CO and NMVOC gases (with no directrngreenhouse effect, but they influence generation andrndisintegration of tropospheric and stratospheric ozon who hasrnproperties of a greenhouse gases); suspended particulaternmatter (SPM) and sulphur dioxide (SO2).rnThese pollutants are emitted into the air during normal wellrnoperations, production, processing and distribution of gas andrnoil products.rnSNAP94 for CORINAIR inventory three level hierarchicalrnemission source nomenclatures (covers 4 main sectors, 9 subsectorsrnand 33 activities) has been used to characterise therncause of the emissions and to relate it to anthropogenic activityrnin petroleum industry.rnPoint, line and area sources of air pollution in petroleumrnindustry are considered. Emission estimations are based onrndetailed activity/technology information covering stationaryrnsources.rnIPCC simplified method (Tier 1-production based averagernemission factor approach) for estimating CO2 non-CO2rngreenhouse gases emissions, based on activity level andrnaverage emission factors, has been used.rnEMEP/CORINAIR detailed method (mass balance approach)rnto estimate fugitive emissions of ozone precursors (NOx, COrnand NMVOC) from oil and natural gas activities has been alsornused.rnComparison (in graph form) between emissions of airrnpollutants from INA- Petroleum Industry and emissions inrnCroatia has been made.