Development of a vehicle emission inventory with high temporal–spatial resolution based on NRT traffic data and its impact on air pollution in Beijing – Part 1: Development and evaluation of vehicle emission inventory

摘要

This paper presents a bottom-up methodology based on the local emissionfactors, complemented with the widely used emission factors of ComputerProgramme to Calculate Emissions from Road Transport (COPERT) model and near-real-time traffic data on road segments to develop a vehicle emissioninventory with high temporal–spatial resolution (HTSVE) for the Beijingurban area. To simulate real-world vehicle emissions accurately, the roadhas been divided into segments according to the driving cycle (trafficspeed) on this road segment. The results show that the vehicle emissions ofNO, CO, HC and PM were 10.54  ×  10, 42.51  ×  10and 2.13  ×  10 and 0.41  ×  10 Mg respectively.The vehicle emissions and fuel consumption estimated by the model werecompared with the China Vehicle Emission Control Annual Report and fuelsales thereafter. The grid-based emissions were also compared with thevehicular emission inventory developed by the macro-scale approach. Thismethod indicates that the bottom-up approach better estimates the levels andspatial distribution of vehicle emissions than the macro-scale method, whichrelies on more information. Based on the results of this study, improved airquality simulation and the contribution of vehicle emissions to ambientpollutant concentration in Beijing have been investigated in a companionpaper (He et al., 2016).