Crux-A New Fast, Flexible and Decentralized Consensus Algorithm with High Fault Tolerance Rate

摘要

This paper presents Crux, a new permissionless blockchain consensus algorithm that achieves higher fault tolerance rate with more flexibility than existing blockchains such as Bitcoin, Ethereum and EOS. Crux utilize a DPoS-XPaxos pipelined algorithm to achieve effective and efficient consensus. Those who hold tokens in Crux elect 2f + 1 block producers called validators through a continuous approval voting system. The elected validators are scheduled in an order and produce blocks in turns agreed by all of the validators. XPaxos, guarantees f/2f+1 fault tolerance rate, is added to traditional DPoS to confirm blocks. Once f + 1 validators have signed a block, it is deemed irreversible. Analysis shows Crux provides higher securities, better flexibility, higher TPS (transaction per second) with little cost of centralization compared with existing blockchain consensus algorithms.