Massive Transfusions

摘要

Acute blood loss is a very common problem after severe injury. As a result, rapid recognition and restoration of homeostasis is the cornerstone of any patient after severe injury.If left untreated, hemorrhage deprives the cardiovascular system of preload necessary for adequate cardiac output and peripheral oxygen delivery. Even in the absence of hypotension, inadequate perfusion can set off the neurohumoral cascade that can ultimately lead to organ failure Therefore, hemorrhage needs to be recognized and treated early.nRecognition of acute hemorrhage may be difficult at the onset. The American College of Surgeons developed the classification scheme that stratify blood loss into stages 1 through 4 with changes in various physiologic parameters as hemorrhagic stages worsens. (Table 1) Unfortunately, many of these signs and symptoms are non-specific.