Computer systems can be &distributed& in many different senses - for example: the user access (such as remote terminals);& in many different senses - for example: the user access (such as remote terminals); the system geography (such as a computer network); the processing (such as a multiprocessor or a multicomputer); the data (such as a partitioned or a replicated database); the operating system (such as a network OS or a decentralized OS). These senses of distribution are not independent, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages in various circumstances, as well as its own research problems. However, some senses are becoming better understood than others, and some are becoming recognized as more fundamentally important than others. Distributing the user access or the system geography per se can be regarded as neither especially challenging nor critically fundamental technology. Distributing the (user portion of the) processing is important, and the ease of doing so is, to a first order approximation, determined by the extent and manner in which the data and operating system are distributed. It currently seems to be these latter two aspects of computing whose distribution involves the most essential, and difficult, new technology.
计算机系统可以在许多不同的意义上进行“分布式”-例如:用户访问(例如远程终端);&在许多不同的意义上-例如:用户访问(例如远程终端);系统地理区域(例如计算机网络);处理(例如多处理器或多计算机);数据(例如分区或复制的数据库);操作系统(例如网络操作系统或分散式操作系统)。这些分布感不是独立的,并且在各种情况下各有优缺点,也有各自的研究问题。但是,有些感觉比其他感觉更好地理解,并且某些感觉比其他感觉更重要。分配用户访问权限或系统地理位置本身可以被视为既不是特别具有挑战性的,也不是至关重要的基础技术。分发处理的(用户部分)很重要,并且这样做的难易程度在一阶近似中取决于数据和操作系统的分发程度和方式。当前似乎是计算的后两个方面,其分布涉及最基本,最困难的新技术。 P>
Computer Science Department, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA;
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