As broadband speeds increase, latency is becoming a bottleneck for many applications-especially for Web downloads. Latency affects many aspects of Web page load lime, from DNS lookups to the time to complete a three-way TCP handshake; it also contributes to the time it takes to transfer the Web objects for a page. Previous work has shown that much of this latency can occur in the last mile, Although some performance bottlenecks can be mitigated by increasing downstream throughput (e.g.. By purchasing a higher service plan), in many cases, latency introduces performance bottlenecks, particularly for connections with higher throughput.
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