A Relation between elation Solar olar Flare lare Manifestations and the GLE anifestations Onset

摘要

Signatures of protons with energies above several hundred of MeV associated with major solar flares are observed with the neutron monitor network as ground level enhancements (GLEs). The time of proton acceler acceleration on tion the Sun can be found from observations of a gamma gamma-ray emission with spectral peculiarity around 70 70-100 MeV that results from the decay of neutral pions, which, in turn, are produced in interactions of high high-energy protons with dense layers of the solar atmosphere. We have found previously that the pion pion-decay emission in these events started and peake peaked close to the time of the main flare energy r d release manifested by hard X elease X-ray ray/gamma /gamma-ray continuum, narrow gamma gamma-ray lines and high high-frequency radio emission bursts as well as the maximum of the soft X X-ray flux derivative. We studied data of the world neutro neutron monitor network and GOES measurements of protons with energies above 500 n MeV related to 42 GLEs since 1972 and light curves of the available electromagnetic emissions of the associated flares. Our study has revealed that the delay of the earliest arrival time of high high-energy protons at 1 AU with respect to the observed peak time of the solar bursts did not exceed 8 min in 2 28 events events. This result indicates that efficient acce accele- eration of protons responsible for ration the GLE onset is close to the time of the main f flare energy release.