Human enteric virus removal from wastewater: Design and operational monitoring of multiple-barrier system and virus removal efficiency improvement using specific interaction

摘要

World population growth and depletion of fresh water resources have caused water stress in many geographical areas. According to estimates by UN, two thirds of the world's population currently live in areas that experience water scarcity at least one month. Population of 500 million lives in areas where water consumption exceeds the locally renewable water sources by a factor of two (1). Since 80% of the globally generated wastewater is discharged without any treatment, wastewater reclamation and reuse has been proposed as a feasible solution to address water scarcity (1). Reclaimed wastewater has been used mainly in non-potable purposes like agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, urban non-irrigation uses, environmental and recreational and groundwater recharge (2). A study conducted in Llobregat river basin of Spain reported incidental potable reuse of wastewater where drinking water produced from a particular drinking water treatment plant likely to contain 12% wastewater treatment plant effluents (3).