Design Limits of Power Converters for Electrical Energy Storage Elements in Fuel-Cell-Based Distributed Generation

摘要

Distributed generation must deliver active and reactive power at the moment it is required. When arnfuel cell with its comparatively long start-up, slow response to load changes and delayed shut-down isrnthe source of electric energy in a distributed supply system electrical energy storage elements e. g.rnbatteries and double layer capacitors can bridge the gap between instantaneously generated energyrnof a fuel cell and load power. However not only the storage element itself but also the connected bidirectionalrnconverter sets limits to the available power. Maximum battery current and minimum batteryrnvoltage are of special interest here.