Abstract: Obtaining uniform illumination of surfaces is a frequent requirement in machine vision applications. This paper outlines the theoretical and practical means for optimizing the frontal illumination of planar surfaces. Using these analytical techniques, we have analyzed practical lighting arrangements and discuss the significance of symmetry in design for uniform lighting. We find that the choice of criteria for optimality influences the optimal lamp placement; careful attention must be paid to exactly what is meant by `optimal.' Finally, this paper shows how to design practical lamp arrangements to achieve optimality using various criteria. !5
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