Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies for the conservation of the materials of cultural heritage

摘要

The communication is aimed at the development of nanomaterials for the preservation and consolidation of the materials of cultural heritage objects, mainly the artifacts from limestone, sandstone, marl, etc. A cleaning agent was elaborated based on the joint action of micelles of non-ionic surfactants, 1-pentanol and acetates, which is able to effectively remove and solubilize layers of acrylates. A simple procedure was developed, which provides nanoparticles of calcium and magnesium hydroxides, whose size is as small as ca 10 nm, suitable for the consolidation of weathered stones with narrow pores. Based on the 'bricks and mortar' approach, nanoparticle-modified gels of amorphous silicon dioxide were worked out, exhibiting only very small shrinkage due to syneresis and drying, which substantially limits their cracking and enhances their strength.