NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS BASED NEXT GENERATION DEVICES AND SENSORS

摘要

At each new level of complexity, entirely new properties appear, and the understanding of these behaviours requires research which, I think is as fundamental in its nature as any other." quoted P. W. Anderson. The physical and chemical properties of materials in reduced dimensions show a size dependence and may exhibit properties different from the bulk. There are several examples of rather remarkable properties attributed to the reduced dimensions. Materials at the nanometer scale have a lower melting point and reduced lattice constant. Certain materials, normally stable at elevated temperatures, show stability at much lower temperatures in reduced dimensions; and hence ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials may loose their characteristics at a nanometer scale. Nanostructured materials may show different elasto-plasticity from that of large-grained bulk material. With recent technologically advanced systems, it is possible to reproducibly fabricate and study nanostructured systems such as nanotubes, nanowires, nanoparticles, and nano-porous materials.