Soil Erosion Induced Degradation of Agrolandscapes in Ukraine: Modeling, Computation and Prediction in Conditions of the Climate Changes

摘要

Description of negative consequences of processes of soil erosion in the world and Ukraine is given. It is shown that erosion of soils is the most widespread soil degradation process taking place in one fourth of the territory of Ukraine, and this area continues to increase. In accordance with the modern tendencies of climate change, the intensity of soil erosion processes in the near future in Ukraine will grow. In this connection, the problem of estimation and prognosis of the rates of erosive destruction of soils and increasing of eroded areas takes on special significance. It is shown that for the examination of natural-economic terms of Ukraine the spatial-distributed mathematical model of erosion-deposition, developed in Odessa National I.I. Mechnikov University, is the most adequate tool. It is also shown that the progressive increase of area of eroded soils necessitates quantitative evaluation of their influence on climate formation process.