RHINE FLOODS AND LOW FLOWS

摘要

The catchment of the Rhine covers an area of 185.000 km~2, of which a mere 20.000 km~2 is located in the Netherlands. The length of the Rhine, from source to drainage point in the North Sea, totals 1,320 km and it flows through four countries: Switzerland, France, Germany and the Netherlands. This paper describes the hydrological processes in the Rhine catchment, focussed on both floods and low flows. The effects of the floods of 1993 and 1995 on water management in the Netherlands will be discussed. Also a short view will be given on the way the probability of extreme discharges is determined, and how the influence of land use change can be included.