The situation regarding air pollution in hte czech part of black triangle (CZ-BT) and its impact on spruce canopy using inner cycling

摘要

CZ-BT region is heavily damaged by large anthropogenic activities, including, emission sources, and extended emission situation. In the whold Czech republic, there is about 78 thousand km~2 area with a population of 10.3 mil. inhabitants with very heterogeneous environmental conditions, land cover, geological bedrocks, soil types, orography, and the biggest emission sources in a relatively small area. CZ-BT constitutes one fifth of the Czech Republic, but permissible levels of air pollutants for urban, rural environemnt for the health of man are exceeded. This can be demonstrated by health statistics, changes in biodiversity species, declineof forest ecosystems, decreased yield of agricultural crops, corrosion, decline of forest ecosystems, decreased yield of agricultural crops,corrosion of materials, affecting of weathering. The mobility of toxic elements in water (see e.g. Al, As, Be, Cd, F and Pb) enhances the likelihood of inputs to the food chain. CZ-BT has a highest yearly deposition of :>4g S m~-2, > 1.5 g N m~-2, > 0.4 mg Cd m~-2, > 50 mg F m~-2, > 5 mg Pb m~-2. Since 1960's in the Ore Mts, first symptoms have shown new types of damage to Norwayt spruce - yellowing, loss of needles, loss of fine roots, decreased growth, and premaure death. This phenomenon is widespread in Europe and has complex causes. Spruce decline has been intensively studied and has been attributed to five main causes: aluminium toxicity (indirect acidification), zone effect, Mg-deficiency, excess-nitrogen (eutrophication) and comprehensive stress theory. The stress hypothesis will not be discussed, but impact assessment of air pollution on forest will be emphasised in the context of other stress factors.