Serum-Adipokine Hormones from Birth to Puberty in Children Exposed to Perfluoroalkyl Substances

摘要

Background: Early life exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been associated with low birth weight and deviations in growth outcomes in children. Animal studies suggest these associations are mediated by PFAS interference with adipokine hormone regulation, but human data are limited. Aim: To evaluate the associations of early life PFAS exposures with adipokine hormone levels at birth and postnatally. Methods: We examined 80 mother-child pairs from a Faroese cohort born in 1997-2000. We measured 5 major PFASs in late pregnancy maternal serum and child serum at ages 5, 7 and 13 years. We used multivariable-adjusted regression models to assess the cross-sectional/prospective associations of PFASs (log2) with concentrations of 3 adipokines (In-transformed, ng/mL) in cord blood and child serum at later ages. Results: Low to high correlations were seen for PFAS pairs within (0.09≥ r ≤0.83) and between (0.15≥ r ≤0.74) ages. Leptin showed mainly inverse associations that were significant for the cord blood concentrations with maternal serum PFOA (β[95%CI] per exposure doubling =-0.91[-1.71,-0.11]), leptin at ages 5 and 13 and maternal PFHxS, and for leptin at all postnatal ages and child serum-PFOS at previous/outcome ages. Cord blood adiponectin was associated with maternal serum concentrations of all PFASs, except PFOA (e.g, β[95%CI] per PFHxS doubling =-0.32[-0.63,-0.01]), while associations for postnatal adiponectin and child serum-PFASs were of smaller magnitude. Lower cord blood resistin was associated with maternal PFDA, and lower resistin at ages 5-13 was associated with child serum PFOS, PFOA and PFNA at previous/outcome ages. We found patterns of stronger inverse associations with leptin and adiponectin in girls, but stronger inverse associations with cord blood resistin in boys (p-sex interactions<0.10). Conclusion: This study suggests potentially sex-specific associations of PFAS exposures with adipokine hormone levels at birth and throughout childhood.