KEEPING THE FOCUS ON THE DRIVER: THE BMW APPROACH TO DRIVER ASSISTANCE AND ACTIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS THAT INTERACT WITH VEHICLE DYNAMICS

摘要

Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) like e.g. distance control systems are more and more evolving in a variety of cars, and the goal is mainly to support the driver in his driving task in order to improve convenience and safety. BMW pursuits a different way in developing DAS by focusing on dynamics and driver involvement. The paper shows the BMW specific design and implementation of these systems in BMW cars. Extra care is given to systems that interact with the vehicle dynamics on the same level as the driver, i.e. for vehicle guidance. The strategic approach to DAS at BMW is outlined and the resulting system functions are explained. Special emphasis is given to their interaction with the driver and the MMI layout. Starting with systems that influence the longitudinal dynamics like ACC (Active Cruise Control with radar sensor), future improvements are shown and the necessary requirements for actors and sensors are explained. This directly leads to safety systems that rely on environmental sensors in order to reduce collision probability. These first generations of Active Safety Systems modify driver braking to optimize vehicle deceleration with respect to collision mitigation and avoidance. The effect on the stopping distance is supported by actual measurements. The warning concept is discussed in depth as it has a high impact on the driver's acceptance of the system. Results from driving simulator runs support the concept. In summary the various assistance systems result in an overall system layout that allows the driver to have maximum driving pleasure while at the same time giving him a new performance level in active safety.