Extending human presence into cislunar space is the next step in human spaceflight. Rather than treating each mission independently, the approach for lunar exploration is based on a multi-mission perspective through which innovative solutions and partnership with commercial and international providers will result in a sustainable program that benefits all missions and participants. Interoperable, cross-supportable, and compatible communications between space vehicles and systems, ground infrastructure, and lunar assets is critical to the success of human exploration. It enables use of NASA, international partner, and commercial assets interchangeably, decreases development and procurement costs, and reduces operational and training complexity. NASA, along with the International Space Station partners, have been collaborating to establish the International Communication System Interoperability Standard (ICSIS). The ICSIS provides interoperable and compatible communications terminology. frequencies, protocols, interfaces, and techniques to facilitate collaborative endeavours of space exploration in cislunar and deep space environments. Some key challenges driving interoperability include the ability to operate over different mission phases and be compatible with multiple interfaces, longer latencies, an evolving architecture. system integration across multiple levels, and forward compatibility, extensibility, and scalability. A common set of standards, services, and interfaces at the different layers of the protocol stack is essential to addressing the above challenges while addressing size, weight, and power constraints and highly reliable operations. Interoperability enables partners to assist each other in emergency or contingency situations that can occur during Exploration. The focus of the current version of the ICSIS is a space vehicle/platform used for human exploration in cislunar space, a Cislunar Space Platform (CSP) used for human exploration, and its inte
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