BREAKING THE GOLDEN CHAIN OF TRANSPARENCY: CROSSLINKS BETWEEN CYBER THREAT AND BLOCKCHAIN WITHIN SPACE AND GOLD INDUSTRIES

摘要

Currently, the supply chain in the space industry is under pressure (e.g. COTS). The economic situation results in an exacerbated pressure on outsourcing and subcontracting, whereby the supply chain control could be jeopardized (The Big Hack, Bloomberg, October 2018). The international scene is jolted by trade war, and economies are turning towards gold in an era of slowbalisation. In this paper, we address the escalation of cyber threat in the space industry by studying other industries' deterrence efforts. We will particularly consider the lessons drawn from the gold market. We posit that transparency capabilities derived from blockchain technology can be modelled within this scenario. Our proposal includes blockchain, especially when cyber gold transactions will increase at high trading speed via satellites. We will assess the impact of the gold industry and convey its effects on the space industry. Our recommendations will be of strategic essence, based on new competition policy shifts. We will then regard the effect of the twofold blockchain forces: democratisation vs cartelisation. For this reason, we will look into several supply chain cases and business models, assessing cyber vulnerability case studies and analyse how the blockchain will prove (or not) as a transparent solution in the competitive and strategic space supply chain industry. From our analysis, we anticipate that pros include transparent monitoring of the supply chain. Cons include technological vulnerabilities to hacking in chain reaction (e.g. smart contracts.), quantum computing, etc. We further state that blockchain can also trigger a legal debate surrounding collusion and cartelisation, since sharing data on blockchain on different public/private channels might lead to cartelisation. Conversely, the 2018 OECD report qualifies the blockchain as a solution to antitrust, which is crucial to space accelerations (e.g. launchers race), yet it remains unpredictable and "obsolete" (e.g. Alstom/Sie