Advanced next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can only be realized when the thermal safety-related incidents, which have been the roadblocks for development, are mitigated. A variety of advanced works have been proposed for safety enhancement viz., isolating shutdown separators, protective electrode coatings, electrolyte additives. However, they have been stalled from further developments on account of their narrow range in working voltage window, stability, performance, and response time. Also, to date in situ safety devices are known to drastically affect LIBs' performance. Novel temperature measurement schemes have been developed to help battery management systems (BMS) for improved prediction such as Thermocouples, Thermistors, Fiber Bragg-grating (FBG) sensors, etc. but each has its limitation. Hence, this points towards developing an effective temperature management system that is capable of quick detections, compact, cost-effective, and light-weighted. Here, we are reporting in operando thermal runaway detection for LIBs, from beneath the anode current collector, using an internal resistance temperature detector (RTD). Sensing temperature fluctuations from the anode is more critical compared to the cathode is that it has a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, which is comprised of reduced electrolytic compounds like ROCO_2Li, (CH_2OCO_2Li)_2 and ROLi and has lithium stored in graphitic interlayers. During thermal runaway events, decomposition of these compounds and reactions of the charged anode with electrolyte leads to the generation of an enormous amount of heat, which can induce fire, smoke, or explosion. Hence, sensing the anode becomes critical and gives direct access to this heat.
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