Single photon detection (SPD) has found increasingly important applications in many forefront areas of fundamental science and advanced engineering applications, ranging from studying the galaxy formation though cosmic infrared background to entanglement of superconducting qubits, single molecular spectroscopy, and remote sensing. In recent years, the rapid developments in superconducting quantum computation, high fidelity quantum measurement, quantum key distribution, and quantum network call for SPD in the microwave frequency range.
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