Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon As a Cathode Material for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

摘要

Increasing demands of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in devices with high energy demands such as electronic vehicles and energy storage systems have exposed the vulnerability of the state-of-the-art LIBs. Low energy-to-weight ratios and high production costs have shed light on the increasing demands for batteries with higher energy density. Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) with high theoretical capacity and lower price-to-energy ratio are the prime candidate for the replacement of LIBs. To compete with LIBs, there are few practical requirements that LSBs should have: 1) sufficient sulfur content (> 70 wt.%), 2) high areal sulfur loading (> 5 mg cm~(-1)), and 3) low electrolyte to sulfur rations (< 4 μL mg~(-1)). On the other hand, few intrinsic characteristics of LSBs need to be addressed before their commercialization, poor conductivity of S_8, and Li_2S and the large change in the volume during the reduction reaction that takes place in the discharge process. Loss of lithium polysulfide (LiPS) leads to the loss of active materials and poor stability. The diffusion of LiPS from anode to cathode can hamper the columbic efficiency of LSBs. To address these problems in the cathode a development of a conductive framework which is also a sulfur and LiPS adsorbent is crucial.