Surface treatment by phosphatation is widely used in automotive industry and equipment manufacturing because it's an excellent adhesion primer before painting and due to its lubrication properties with low friction coefficient. It is also known that this treatment offers a good protection against corrosion with a good suitability to be painted. Nevertheless, this process is detrimental for the environment, mostly because of the large amount of waste to be treated, with the presence of concentrated acids, nitrates and nitrites. Moreover, the required thickness is in the range of 2-30 μm, depending of the specifications, and there is a great interest to reduce this value, especially for the fasteners parts.
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