The BISCO Concept: Biological-Compatible In-Situ Chemical Oxidation with Coated Microbubble Ozone (Gas Exchange) Sparging

摘要

Three major benefits have been shown with recent ozone sparging: 1) petroleum carbon oxidation with total oxygen supplied, not ozone alone; 2) capacity to break reversibility of in situ stripping, allowing two-log additional removal for MCL attainment; and 3) ability to degrade new compounds unable to be attacked by oxygen alone. By maintaining ozone and ozone/peroxide (Perozone?) concentrations within ranges compatible with bacteria action and use of pulsed sequential gas introduction, bacterial populations flourish during ozone sparging. The combination of a free-radical first step predigests bacterial-resistant long-chain carbon compounds (aliphatics) and substitutes oxygen on the alkane or alkene short chains, preparing the mixture for rapid bacteria action with enhanced oxygen from stage one reaction and air (20%). The critical mass proportion of ozone to oxygen approaches 1:200 for oxygen delivered or 1:15 for oxygen dissolved for stage one and close to 2.5 total oxygen to 1 hydrocarbon for stage two. This is an order of magnitude less ozone required than unreasonable estimates of greater than 1 mole ozone to 1 mole hydrocarbon destruction, which ignores biological action and the total oxygen role.