Disinfection Byproducts in Wastewater Effluent and Technology Approaches to Meet Developing Regulations

摘要

As total water management continues to be key for sustainable infrastructure, new regulations affecting wastewater effluent and reuse water are directing water utilities to consider alternative disinfection treatment technologies. Whether the application is surface water discharge, ground water injection, indirect potable reuse, or irrigation, regulators across the country are monitoring and/or permitting disinfection by-product levels. While other technologies can provide an effective solution to DBPs, there are options to consider with regards to chlorine use. The ways in which existing chlorination systems can potentially be modified to manage DBPs includes; Optimizing Chlorine Contact Time and Dose, Control Chlorination pH, Utilize Ammonia for Chloramination, and Sequential Chlorination. If through evaluation it is determined that the use of chlorine as a disinfectant cannot meet the DBP requirements, several alternate disinfectants or disinfection combinations can be implemented; Ultraviolet Disinfection, Ozonation, Ozone with UV, Chlorine Dioxide, Peracetic Acid, and Ferrate.