N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) has received significant attention in drinking water and reclaimed wastewater recently because it has been classified as a probable human carcinogen by the US EPA and World Health Organization (WHO) (USEPA, 1997; WHO, 2002): US EPA assessed its theoretical lifetime risk level of cancer is 10~(-6) in drinking water at 0.7 ng NDMA/L; WHO estimated the risk level for ambient drinking water as between 10~(-7) and 10~(-5). The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has also determined that NDMA may reasonably be anticipated to be a human carcinogen (ATSDR, 1989).
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