The enterprises of the cement industry are generally small-sized, of large number and do not form an economy of scale. In 1995 the total number of cement enterprises was 8435; the average scale was 70 thousand tons per year. In recent years 3940 vertical kiln cement plants have been closed down, representing the elimination of 100 millions tons of backward capacity. In Eastern China the national task of shutting down small cement plants has almost been finished, but in certain provinces of Western China only 60% has been accomplished. In some areas there are closed plants being reopened, and even illegal construction of machinery vertical kilns. Currently the total number of cement enterprises in China is 4621, with an average capacity of less than 200 thousand tons per year.
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