Risk Factors Related to Dental Caries in Elementary School Students of Class IV-VI in Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya Regency in 2019

摘要

Background: Preventive efforts and behavior of the Indonesian people towards dental and oral health are still poor due to a lack of the instilment on the importance of maintaining oral and dental health from an early age. The still poor portrayal of dental and oral health in Indonesia can be seen from the large number of dental caries and oral diseases in Indonesia which tend to increase. In Indonesia, there was an increase in the prevalence of dental caries from 2007 (43.4%) to 2013 (53.2%). There are approximately 93,998,727 people suffering from dental caries Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between age, gender, frequency of brushing teeth, habit of brushing teeth before going to bed and after breakfast, eating habits, behavior of dental examination every 6 months and the incidence of dental caries in elementary school students of grade IV through VI in Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya Regency in 2019. Method: The study was observational analytical study using cross-sectional design. The population was all elementary school students in Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya Regency in 2019. The sample was grade IV-VI elementary school students who were selected based on inclusion criteria by stratified random sampling in February 2019 with a total of 281 respondents. The instrument used in this study was questionnaire. The data analyses used were univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses. Result: The results of bivariate analysis showed no relationship between age (RR=1.18, CI=0.95-1.4, p=0.129), sex (RR=0.864, CI=0.867-1.085, p=0.200), consumption of cariogenic foods (RR=0.991, CI=0.795-1.236, p=0.935) and dental examination every 6 months (RR=0.685, CI=0.361-1.302, p=0.180). Meanwhile, there was a relationship between tooth brushing habit after breakfast and before sleeping (RR=1.496, CI=1.164-1.1922, p=0.002) and habit of brushing teeth twice a day (RR=4.76, CI=0.738-30.68, p=0.043). Multivariate analysis showed that tooth brushing habits after breakfast and before sleeping (Exp (β)=0.476, CI=0.292-0.778, p=0.003) became the most dominant factor. Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be concluded that there is no relationship between age, sex, consumption of cariogenic foods and dental examination every 6 months. On the other hand, there is a relationship tooth brushing habits after breakfast and before sleeping. Recommendation: The study recommends school to improve health services in Trias UKS (School Health Unit) principles, including the promotion of preventive efforts in dealing with dental and oral diseases for elementary school children, one of which is by promoting the risk factors for dental caries as an effort to reduce the number of dental caries.