MEASUREMENT OF CRYOGENIC LNG Class #2285.1

摘要

Industrial use of liquefied natural gas(LNG) has a surprisingly long history.The first practical refrigeration system was built in 1873; the first commercial liquefaction plant was built in 1912.Over time two applications have been developed that are relevant to the current paper.The first involves storage of LNG to handle peak demand in pipeline systems,the process is identified as"peak shaving“.A second application is the transport of hydrocarbon fuel where gas pipelines are unavailable.More recently LNG playing an important role in the storage and transport of energy.This paper considers LNG measurement traceability from the perspective of a flow calibration facility.The paper begins with brief description,history and handling challenges of cryogenic fluids in general and LNG in particular.The current practice of static measurement applied to LNG carrier loading is reviewed from a measurement perspective.The next section provides a summary of current and potential future measurement needs related to LNG transportation fuel.The final two sections present typical flowrates and uncertainties.The LNG sector of the hydrocarbon energy business is in a state of flux.Currently no API standards exist for many of the measurements likely required in the years ahead.This paper is therefore more of a general review of measurement processes rather than a detailed guide.