Important progress in terms of waste management has occurred over the last fifteen years due to the implementation of European policies on waste management, especially in waste incineration. Also, the cost of municipal solid waste (MSW) management is rising quickly. Here, we would like to present only an estimation of the costs for incineration processes. This research provides an economic evaluation within the AWAST European project (decision-aid tool) that will help decision-makers to choose the most appropriate system according to local situations for a global and sustainable approach. The modelling of the processing production costs is based on a standard method. Capital cost and operating cost estimations are well documented in American chemical engineering literature (Ulrich 1984, Turton and al 1998, Peters.M.S and Timmerhaus.K.D 1991). An application of this method to waste incineration plants is based on a fine analysis of recent data concerning facilities in Europe. This is a factor method where each cost component is related to basic variables (labour, reagents, energy, maintenance, product sales). Each basic variable is estimated by ratio in physical units combined with standard prices. The model of incineration investment cost gives a relationship between the total investment cost and the design capacity. The operating model cost is the sum of the following five submodels: fixed costs, variable costs, maintenance and renewal, revenues, management of the residues (slag and fly ashes). Formalization of the models of capital and operating costs has been made in order to take into account the European directives requirements.
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