The states of high-energy-density matter, for example, hot compressed matter, hot expanded liquid, quasi-ideal plasma and strongly coupled plasma occupy a broad region of the phase diagram. The present knowledge of these states is very limited because of the difficulties involved in the available experimental techniques. The thermophysical properties of these states and the most important among them, the equation of state (EOS), are of considerable importance to many fields of basic and applied sciences. In this paper we show with the help of numerical simulations and theoretical considerations that an intense beam of energetic heavy ions can be a very efficient additional tool to research this important field.
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