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Advantages of Multistage Frac Completion in Vertical Depleted Gas Wells and Lessons Learned

机译:多级FRAC在垂直耗尽气井中完成的优点和学习的经验教训

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Multistage frac completion (MFC) has been playing a significant role in modern oilfield industry being one of the key tools making development of low permeable formations economical. Commonly, it is applied in horizontal wells that are drilled to compensate for reduced drainage radius of these wells due to a lack of formation conductivity. This technique is evolving, there are quite a few inventions introduced every year that make MFC easier, more economical and that allow the operators to control and precisely evaluate both the treatment itself and performance of the created fractures. However, due to its nature and initial focus on horizontal wells, it did not become very popular in vertical wells. One of the reasons for it is its limited formation access since the sleeves that are providing the access are short and cannot cover the entire net pay. What historically more common in vertical wells are either conventional "plug and perf" approach or its modifications, whereas intervals are perforated with either coiled tubing and sand-blasting perforation or wireline guns, while isolation of the zones is achieved by setting frac plugs, sand plugs or frac packers depending on pumping conduits. In Petroleum Development Oman, some of these vertical wells were stimulated via multistage frac completion. In central part of the Sultanate of Oman, a deep tight gas field is developed using hydraulic fracture stimulation technique since the formation conductivity is low and the near wellbore damage after drilling is making it even worse. Normally, between 6 and 13 frac intervals are stimulated in each well. Majority of wells are completed vertically with pay zones separated with strong shale layers that restrict fracture height development. Since plug & perf has been the main technique used in this field, there are multiple well interventions during hydraulic fracture operations that consume time, money and delay the well delivery. Moreover, the depletion of the field and its main productive zones make well intervention activities much more challenging whereas the risks of getting coiled tubing string or even wireline tools stuck in wellbore are high due to immediate losses faced after opening those low pressurized zones having as low as 8,000 KPa formation pressure, which can be 5-7 times less than hydrostatic pressures in the wellbore depending on depths and fluid s used. At the same time, with downhole temperatures ranging from 135 to 150 deg C and fracturing pressures reaching around 145,000 KPa bottomhole (~21,000 psi), differential pressures across the target zones can reach enormous levels of 15,000-20,000psi. Conditions in general become very risky,
机译:多级FRAC完成(MFC)一直在现代油田行业中发挥着重要作用,是开发低渗透地层经济的关键工具之一。通常,由于缺乏形成导电性,它施加在钻孔以补偿这些孔的减少的排水半径。这种技术正在发展,每年都有相当多的发明,使MFC更容易,更经济,并且允许操作人员控制并精确地评估所产生的骨折的治疗和性能。然而,由于其性质和初始关注水平井,它不会在垂直井中非常流行。由于提供了访问的套管,因此它是其有限的地层访问,因为提供了访问的套管是短暂的并且无法覆盖整个净工资。垂直井中的历史上更常见的是传统的“插头和完善”方法或其修改,而间隔用卷绕管和喷砂穿孔或有线枪穿孔,同时通过设置FRAC塞,沙子来实现区域的隔离取决于泵送管道的插头或FRAC包装机。在石油开发阿曼,通过多级FRAC完成刺激其中一些垂直孔。在阿曼苏丹国的中部部分,使用液压断裂刺激技术开发了一个深的气体场,因为形成电导率低,钻孔后的接近井筒损坏使其变得更糟。通常,在每个孔中刺激6至13个FRAC间隔。大多数井垂直完成,用薪水区分开,具有强大的页岩层,限制骨折高度开发。由于Plug&Perf一直是该领域中使用的主要技术,因此在液压骨折操作期间消耗时间,金钱和延迟良好交付的液压断裂操作中有多种井干预。此外,该领域及其主要生产区的消耗使干预活动更具挑战性,而卷绕管绳或甚至在井筒上卡住的有线工具的风险是高的,因为在打开那些具有低加压区域之后面临的即时损失根据所用深度和流体S,载体的8,000kPa形成压力比井筒中的静水压压力小于5-7倍。同时,井下温度范围为135至150℃,压裂压力达到约145,000 kPa底孔(〜21,000psi),瞄准区的差分压力可以达到15,000-20,000psi的巨大水平。一般情况变得非常危险,

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