Influence of Mineral Fertilizers on Winter Wheat Yield

摘要

The article considers the issue revealing the impact of slow-acting nitrogen fertilizers on the formation of leaf area and winter wheat productivity. A number of research was conducted in 2014-2017 in the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region, on leached chernozem, a predecessor is pure steam. In the period of earing the development of the leaf apparatus of winter wheat has been intensified by 0.18-4.73%, with respect to the control (without fertilizers) and other compared variants. Concerning the structure of winter wheat yield, within the period of study, the third, fourth and sixth variants of the experiment are traced, in which the control variant (without fertilizers) was exceeded by the largest number of indicators to the yield structure. The yield in the third, fourth and fifth variants was close in value, respectively, 3.36-3.41 kilo/ha, which is higher by 0.27-0.32 kilo/ha. The second option with the introduction of urea (60 kg/ha ai) appeared to be less effective: the average yield increase was 0.66% relative to the control. The yield of winter wheat, depending on the weather conditions of winter period, can vary from 2.20 to 4.58 t/ha, with a yield increase of up to 0.51 kilo/ha, which can positively affect the economic efficiency of cultivation and distribution of this yield in the Northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. It was established that the highest yield increase compared with the control one was obtained in the sixth variant with fertilization including carbamide encapsulated according to "Si" technology.