Contamination status, profiles, emission sources, and risks of PAHs and their methylated derivatives in road dusts from northern Vietnam

摘要

Road dust has high environmental mobility and great adsorption capacity for both heavy metals and organic pollutants. The contaminated road dust can pose adverse effects on the aquatic environments (via storm water and road runoff), air quality (via resuspension), and human health (via multiple pathways such as ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact). Among the pollutants adsorbed onto road dust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives have been the most well-studied compounds because of their widespread abundance, bioaccumulation, and high toxicity. Studies on the occurrence, distribution characteristics, and potential risks related to road dust-bound PAHs and methylated PAHs (Me-PAHs) in Vietnam are relatively limited. In our previous studies, we detected higher concentrations of PAHs and Me-PAHs in road dust from a metropolitan area of Hanoi compared to those found in a rural control site, suggesting relationship between degree of urbanization and extent of PAH emissions [1,2]. In the present study, we determined the existence of PAHs and Me-PAHs in road dust samples collected from several locations in northern Vietnam with different land-use types, in order to provide an updated picture on their contamination status and emission sources in this developing country.