Multiple services allocation for flexible thermostatic loads

摘要

Flexible Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) may be successfully employed to provide multiple services to transmission and distribution system operators. This paper introduces a linear-programming model which simultaneously optimizes the provision of energy arbitrage, various frequency response services (to the transmission operator) and a congestion management service to the distribution network operator. Case studies investigate the potential TCL net savings under different regulatory frameworks.