South Lake, the second largest lake in Wuhan, has been polluted seriously in recent years. Unfortunately, specific reasons for the pollution phenomenon impose an insurmountable hurdle. To address this challenge, we used the fault tree theory as a effective tool to conduct comprehensive analysis of the pollution top events. Innovatively, on the basis of integrated area pollution status research, we initiated the qualitative and quantitative analyses of pollution reasons in South Lake. The results showed that there were three main causes leading to the water pollution in South Lake: the weakness of environmental awareness, the lack of government supervision, the frequent of sewage discharge. Notably, we suggested the optimal strategy to make efficient pollution management based on the priority of criticality, which including improving the environmental awareness of businesses and residents, enhancing the government supervision and reducing the discharge frequency. We summarized scientific and objective measures to control water pollution of the South Lake, and it provide a scientific and efficient method to prevent the deterioration of the urban lakes.
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