Antimicrobial Performance and Cytotoxicity of Antibiotics Impregnated Hydroxyapatite for Osteomyelitis Treatment

摘要

Localized antibiotic beads are often used for treating patients with osteomyelitis or infections of the bone by providing local, sustained and high concentrations of antimicrobial agents to the area of infection, without systemically exposing an individual to antibiotic levels that could result in numerous toxic side effects. In this study, antibiotic impregnated hydroxyapatite spheres were prepared aiming for a functional device of drug carrier and bone graft. Three types of antibiotics were employed including gentamicin, vancomycin and fosfomycin. Antimicrobial susceptibility of antibiotic impregnated beads were tested against two bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) by using modified agar diffusion assay. Differences in antimicrobial efficiency were observed and related with respect to differences in molecular weight, mechanism of action and spectrum of activity for each antibiotic. Cytotoxicity by serial extraction technique of all antibiotic impregnated beads were determined by MTT assay. No cytotoxic potential at all extraction periods was observed for vancomycin impregnated on beads. Gentamicin and fosfomycin impregnated beads showed cytotoxic potential only on day 1 extraction, but no cytotoxic potential on longer periods.