Numerical modeling of underwater noise induced by shipping traffic in the Balearic Sea

摘要

Underwater noise induced by human activities has the potential to impact marine ecosystems. We present a novel methodology to model the underwater noise induced by ship traffic in the Balearic Sea. With this methodology, a three dimensional underwater sound propagation model can be used with realistic time-dependent physical oceanographic inputs (temperature, salinity, and wind-waves) and realistic ship information (location, velocity, and ship type) to evaluate noise levels. Ship information is obtained from an Automatic Identification System (AIS) recently installed and managed at the Barcelona School of Nautical Studies. Using as a test case the regular ferry lines connecting Barcelona to Balearic Island, we discuss the robustness and the practical applicability of the methodology. Although this discussion is linked to the area of study, it provides useful information to adopt European Commission recommendations for the monitoring of underwater noise in European seas.