Method for determining tramadol and its metabolites from urine samples

摘要

Tramadol is an opioid drug used to treat moderate to moderate pain, which has two different mechanism of action. The first is due to binding to the opioid receptor, and the second is due to the inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reabsorption. Due to its hallucinogenic effects, tramadol is also used as a drug of abuse [1]. It is necessary to identify tramadol and its metabolites in urine specimens either for correct dosing of the tramadol in pain therapy, for monitoring the effectiveness of addiction treatment, or for acute poisoning with this opioid compound [2]. An optoelectronic gas chromatographic method coupled with mass spectrometry is presented to determine tramadol and its metabolites in urine samples [3].