Comparative Analysis of Educational Reforms in Russia Following Technical Areas of Training in the Field of Transport

摘要

The article reviews issues of higher engineering education reformation in Russia since the establishment of the first technical university- Institute of Railway Engineers by the Emperor Alexander I till modern technical university which provides training for country automobile and road system specialists. At different history stages, economic development in Russia was seamlessly connected with development of transport system, construction of railways, land and waterways which in turn stimulated development of engineering education. It is shown that economic modernization tasks were inseparably linked to reformation of technical engineering education that was taking place in Russia during the time of the first industrialization when the first transport institute was established (in 1809). When Russia had come to capitalist mode of production, the next stage of economic growth was closely related with increase of number of polytechnic and technology higher education institutions (1868-1900). During the time of socialist industrialization in the country (1929 - 1941) a high number of branch higher education institutions emerged as the education reforms result, including eight automobile and road institutes and Moscow Automobile and Road Construction Institute as one of them (1930). Reformation of Russian education which have started in 1990 and not completed yet is again related to tasks of overcoming technological lag and economy modernization. Curricula of engineering staff training for automobile and road transport are being analyzed. They have been developed under conditions of two reforms of national higher education - 1930s and 2000s. Referring to history of national engineering education and its reformation stages allows us to comprehend certain patterns of higher technical education and benchmark goals of present educational policy.