All components measured from body fluids (such as blood or urine) have normal, physiological fluctuations recognized since at least 1970 for human clinical pathology,1 with the first veterinary reports in the late 1980s. There are now more than 50 reports covering >70 measurands across 11 species,2 with more reports since 2011 than the prior 30 years and approximately 5 additional reports each year. The veterinary biological variation website and database (vetbiologicalvariation.org) provides a catalogue and assessment of all measurands (>400) from all veterinary biological variation studies as well as providing guidelines for future studies, standardization of nomenclature and is hopeful of providing individualized reference intervals in the near future. Biological variation components are constant across age, geography and methodology, and values found for healthy individuals are applicable for most (but not all) chronic diseases.
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