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Utilization of Cacao Pod Husk (Theobroma cacao l.) as Activated Carbon and Catalyst in Biodiesel Production Process from Waste Cooking Oil

机译:从废物烹饪油中使用披糊Pod稻壳(TeaCobroma CacaO1)的生物柴油生产过程中的活性炭和催化剂

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Cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao 1.) is a waste from cocoa beans processing. In this research we employ cocoa pod husk as activated carbon to decrease the value of FFA (Free Fatty Acid) in waste cooking oil and as K2CO3 catalyst in biodiesel production process from waste cooking oil. Cocoa pod husk was crusched and grounded into powder that passed thorugh 60 mesh-screen. As activated carbon, cocoa pod husk was firstly carbonized at three variant temperatures i.e 250°C, 300°C and 350°C. The activation process was done using HCl 2M as activator. Based on the results of XRD and FTIR, the carbonization at all variant temperatures does not cause a significant changes in terms of crystallite structure and water content. The pore of activated carbon started to form in sample that was carbonized at 350°C resulting in pore diameter of 5.14644 nm. This result was supported by the fact that the ability of this activated carbon in reducing the FFA of waste cooking oil was the most pronounced one, i.e. up to 86.7% of FFA. It was found that the performance of cocoa pod husk's activated carbon in reducing FFA is more effective than esterification using H2SO4 which can only decrease 80.8%. On the other hand, the utilization as K2CO3 catalyst was carried out by carbonization at temperature 650°C and extraction using aquadest solvent. The extraction of cocoa pod husk produced 7.067% K2CO3 catalyst. According to RD results the fraction of K2CO3 compound from the green catalysts is the same as the commercial (SAP, 99%) that is ≥ 60%. From the obtained results, the best yield percentage was obtained using K2CO3 catalyst from cacao pod husk extract, i.e. 73-85%. To cope with biodiesel conversion efficiency, a two-step process consisting pretreatment with activated carbon carbonized at 350°C and esterification with K2CO3 from cocoa pod husk catalyst was developed. This two-step process could reach a high conversion of 85%. From the results it was clear that the produced biodiesel fuel was within the recommended SNI 7182: 2015 standard.
机译:Cocoa Pod Husk(Theobroma Cacao 1.)是可可豆加工的废物。在本研究中,我们使用Cocoa Pod稻壳作为活性炭,以降低废物烹饪油中的FFA(游离脂肪酸)的价值,并从废物烹饪油中获得生物柴油生产过程中的K2CO3催化剂。 Cocoa Pod Husk毛囊被卷曲并接地成粉末,通过Thorugh 60目筛网。作为活性炭,在三个变体温度下首先碳化Cocoa Pod壳体I.使用250℃,300℃和350℃。使用HCl 2M作为活化剂来完成活化过程。基于XRD和FTIR的结果,所有变体温度的碳化不会导致微晶结构和含水量的显着变化。活性炭的孔开始在350℃下碳化的样品中形成,导致孔径为5.14644nm。这一结果得到了以下事实,即这种活性炭在减少废物烹饪油的FFA中的能力是最明显的,即最高可达的FFA的86.7%。发现Cocoa Pod壳的活性炭在减少FFA中的性能比使用H2SO4更有效,其只能降低80.8%。另一方面,通过在温度650℃的碳化下进行使用作为K 2 CO 3催化剂,并使用Aquayest溶剂提取。 Cocoa Pod壳体的提取产生的7.067%K2CO3催化剂。根据RD结果,来自绿色催化剂的K 2 CO 3化合物的级分与≥60%的商业(SAP,99%)相同。从所得结果中,使用来自Cacao Pod壳提取物的K 2 CO 3催化剂获得最佳产率百分比,即73-85%。为了应对生物柴油转化效率,开发了一种两步方法,将预处理与350℃碳化的预处理组成,并用来自可可荚壳催化剂的酯化与K2CO3的酯化。这两步过程可以达到85%的高转换。从结果中显然,生产的生物柴油燃料在推荐的SNI 7182:2015标准中。

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